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•'''Displ.''' - Displacement, the amount of water a submarine displaces, analogous to weight.<br>
•'''Displ.''' - Displacement, the amount of water a submarine displaces, analogous to weight.<br>
•'''Surf. Prop.''' - The number and type of surface propulsion internal combustion engines.<br>
•'''Surf. Prop.''' - The number and type of surface propulsion internal combustion engines.<br>
•'''Subm. Prop.''' - The number and manufacturer of submerged propulsion electric motors.<br>
•'''Subm. Prop./Battery''' - The number and manufacturer of submerged propulsion electric motors, and the number of batteries x the number of cells in each battery.<br>
•'''Battery Cells''' - The number represents the number of batteries and the number of cells in each battery.<br>
•'''Kts''' - Knots, or one nautical mile per hour.<br>
•'''Kts''' - Knots, or one nautical mile per hour.<br>
•'''Surf. Range''' - The maximum surface range in nautical miles @ the specified speed in knots.<br>
•'''Test Depth''' - The maximum depth at which the submarine can routinely operate without damage. Most USN submarines have a safety factor of 1.5 built into its design, meaning that the collapse depth of the hull (implosion depth) is 1.5 times test depth.<br>
•'''Test Depth''' - The maximum depth at which the submarine can routinely operate without damage. Most USN submarines have a safety factor of 1.5 built into its design, meaning that the collapse depth of the hull (implosion depth) is 1.5 times test depth.<br>
•'''Tubes (B/S)''' - The number of torpedo tubes in the bow (B) or stern (S).<br>
•'''Tubes (B/S)''' - The number of torpedo tubes in the bow (B) or stern (S).<br>
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•'''Gun''' - If present, listed numbers represent bore diameter in inches and the barrel length in calibers.<br>
•'''Gun''' - If present, listed numbers represent bore diameter in inches and the barrel length in calibers.<br>
•'''Crew (O/E)''' - The crew size, with the numbers representing officers and enlisted.<br>
•'''Crew (O/E)''' - The crew size, with the numbers representing officers and enlisted.<br>
For the Surfaced Propulsion column, the number of engines, the manufacturer, and the type of engine are listed. If the exact engine model number is known, it is listed as well.
The early boats had gasoline or diesel direct drive (GD or DD) engines, i.e. the engine was connected to the propeller shaft and directly turned the propeller. Motors and generators were connected to the same shaft via clutches. Boats with more than one engine on a shaft had those engines arranged in tandem (GDT or DDT).
Later boats used diesel electric (DE) engines that drove only generators. Motors attached to the shaft turned the propellers. Some boats had DD main propulsion diesels and one or more DE engines that were used to charge batteries.
Salmon and Sargo-class fleet boats used diesel electric direct composite plants (DEDC) with both DD engines and DE engines in one engine room.
Other abbreviations used in this table:
•'''EB''' - Electric Boat<br>
•'''EB''' - Electric Boat<br>
•'''NELSECO''' - New London Ship and Engine Company (an EB subsidiary)<br>
•'''NELSECO''' - New London Ship and Engine Company (an EB subsidiary)<br>
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•'''FM''' - Fairbanks Morse Company<br>
•'''FM''' - Fairbanks Morse Company<br>
•'''ALCO''' - American Locomotive Company<br>
•'''ALCO''' - American Locomotive Company<br>
•'''GD''' or '''DD''' - Gasoline or Diesel Direct<br>
•'''GDT''' or '''DDT''' - Gasoline or Diesel Direct Tandem<br>
•'''DE''' - Diesel Electric<br>
•'''DEDC''' - Diesel Electric Direct Composite<br>
•'''~''' or '''?''' indicates the exact figure is not known at this time
[[File:Alden Propulsion Machinery Arrangements table v3.jpg|right|400px|Table adapted from Appendix 1, page 214 of ''The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy'' by John D. Alden, 1979]]
For the Surfaced Propulsion column, the number of engines, the manufacturer, and the type of engine are listed. If the exact engine model number is known, it is listed as well.
The illustration at right was adapted from ''The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy'' by John D. Alden. It shows how the propulsion train was arranged in the engine room(s). For boats with two shafts, only the port side is shown. The starboard shaft was usually a mirror of the port side arrangement. All of the submarines of the pigboat era had one of these propulsion arrangements at some point in their careers, although some arrangements were not installed until later wartime overhauls. For instance, V-5/Narwhal was commissioned with a DD and DE plant (arrangement C), but during wartime overhauls she was re-engined to arrangement D-2. V-1/Barracuda also started life with a DD and DE plant (arrangement C), but finished life with arrangement G when her two main DD engines were removed without replacement.
The majority of the pigboat era submarines had gasoline or diesel direct drive (GD or DD, arrangement A) engines, i.e. the engine was connected to the propeller shaft and directly turned the propeller. Motors that doubled as generators were connected to the same shaft via clutches. Boats with more than one engine on a shaft had those engines arranged in tandem (GDT or DDT, arrangement B).
When the submarine submerged, it would shut down the engines, declutch them from the propeller shaft (if direct drive), and then use the stored electricity in the battery to drive the motors. Upon surfacing, the engines would be started and the electricity produced by the generators would recharge the battery.
All but the final two of the V-class boats used arrangement C with DD main propulsion diesels and one or more DE engines that were used to charge batteries or provide supplementary propulsion power. The two boats of the Cachalot-class used arrangement A (later D-1). The later fleet boats used diesel electric (DE, arrangements E-1 thru E-5) engines that drove only generators. Electric motors attached to the shaft turned the propellers through reduction gear.
Salmon and Sargo-class fleet boats used the complicated diesel electric direct composite plants (DEDC, arrangements F-1 and F-2) with both DD engines and DE engines in one engine room. The two patrol submarines of the Mackerel-class of 1941 had their DD engines in arrangement D-1.
For information on the torpedoes used by these submarines, see our page [[Torpedoes|'''at this link''']].
The table below lists the major specifications of all of the submarine classes of the pigboats era. This data was taken from Norman Friedman's U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History, Appendix D, pages 306-311, John D. Alden's The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy: A Design and Construction History, and Lyle Cummins' Diesels for the First Stealth Weapon: Submarine Power 1902-1945, Carnot Press, 2007. The data represents the configuration of the boat when it was first commissioned into the USN. Subsequent modifications and updates can alter the specifications greatly. Some notes concerning the table are below:
•Displ. - Displacement, the amount of water a submarine displaces, analogous to weight.
•Surf. Prop. - The number and type of surface propulsion internal combustion engines.
•Subm. Prop./Battery - The number and manufacturer of submerged propulsion electric motors, and the number of batteries x the number of cells in each battery.
•Kts - Knots, or one nautical mile per hour.
•Surf. Range - The maximum surface range in nautical miles @ the specified speed in knots.
•Test Depth - The maximum depth at which the submarine can routinely operate without damage. Most USN submarines have a safety factor of 1.5 built into its design, meaning that the collapse depth of the hull (implosion depth) is 1.5 times test depth.
•Tubes (B/S) - The number of torpedo tubes in the bow (B) or stern (S).
•Torp Load - The total number of torpedoes carried.
•Gun - If present, listed numbers represent bore diameter in inches and the barrel length in calibers.
•Crew (O/E) - The crew size, with the numbers representing officers and enlisted.
•EB - Electric Boat
•NELSECO - New London Ship and Engine Company (an EB subsidiary)
•BuENG - The U.S. Navy's Bureau of Engineering
•M.A.N. - Maschinenfabrik-Augsburg-Nurnberg, a German engine company that sold manufacturing leases to the USN & EB
•GM - General Motors Winton Division
•HOR - Hooven, Owens, Rentschler
•FM - Fairbanks Morse Company
•ALCO - American Locomotive Company
•GD or DD - Gasoline or Diesel Direct
•GDT or DDT - Gasoline or Diesel Direct Tandem
•DE - Diesel Electric
•DEDC - Diesel Electric Direct Composite
•~ or ? indicates the exact figure is not known at this time
Table adapted from Appendix 1, page 214 of The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy by John D. Alden, 1979
For the Surfaced Propulsion column, the number of engines, the manufacturer, and the type of engine are listed. If the exact engine model number is known, it is listed as well.
The illustration at right was adapted from The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy by John D. Alden. It shows how the propulsion train was arranged in the engine room(s). For boats with two shafts, only the port side is shown. The starboard shaft was usually a mirror of the port side arrangement. All of the submarines of the pigboat era had one of these propulsion arrangements at some point in their careers, although some arrangements were not installed until later wartime overhauls. For instance, V-5/Narwhal was commissioned with a DD and DE plant (arrangement C), but during wartime overhauls she was re-engined to arrangement D-2. V-1/Barracuda also started life with a DD and DE plant (arrangement C), but finished life with arrangement G when her two main DD engines were removed without replacement.
The majority of the pigboat era submarines had gasoline or diesel direct drive (GD or DD, arrangement A) engines, i.e. the engine was connected to the propeller shaft and directly turned the propeller. Motors that doubled as generators were connected to the same shaft via clutches. Boats with more than one engine on a shaft had those engines arranged in tandem (GDT or DDT, arrangement B).
When the submarine submerged, it would shut down the engines, declutch them from the propeller shaft (if direct drive), and then use the stored electricity in the battery to drive the motors. Upon surfacing, the engines would be started and the electricity produced by the generators would recharge the battery.
All but the final two of the V-class boats used arrangement C with DD main propulsion diesels and one or more DE engines that were used to charge batteries or provide supplementary propulsion power. The two boats of the Cachalot-class used arrangement A (later D-1). The later fleet boats used diesel electric (DE, arrangements E-1 thru E-5) engines that drove only generators. Electric motors attached to the shaft turned the propellers through reduction gear.
Salmon and Sargo-class fleet boats used the complicated diesel electric direct composite plants (DEDC, arrangements F-1 and F-2) with both DD engines and DE engines in one engine room. The two patrol submarines of the Mackerel-class of 1941 had their DD engines in arrangement D-1.
For information on the torpedoes used by these submarines, see our page at this link.
Submarine Specifications 1900-1941
Class
Length (Ft-In)
Beam (Ft-In)
Surf. Displ. (Tons)
Subm. Displ. (Tons)
Surf. Prop.
Subm. Prop./Battery
Surf. Speed (Kts)
Subm. Speed (Kts)
Surf. Range (NM@Kts)
Test Depth (Ft)
Tubes (B/S)
Tube Size (In)
Torp Load
Deck Gun
Crew (O/E)
Holland
53-10
10-3
64
74
1xOtto (GD)
1xElectro Dynamic/1x60
6
5.5
200@6
75
1/0
18
3
No
1/6
A-class
63-10
11-10
105.5
122.5
1xOtto (GD)
1xElectro Dynamic/1x60
8.5
7.2
400@6
150
1/0
18
3
No
1/6
B-class
82-5
12-5
145
170
1xEB/Craig (GD)
1xElectro Dynamic/1x60
9.2
8.2
600@6
150
2/0
18
4
No
1/9
C-class
105-3
13-10
240
273
2xEB/Craig (GD)
2xElectro Dynamic/1x120
11
9
776@8.13
200
2/0
18
4
No
1/14
D-class
134-10
13-10
288
337
2xEB/Craig (GD)
2xElectro Dynamic/1x120
13
9.5
1179@9.6
200
4/0
18
4
No
1/14
E-class
135-2
14-7
287
342
2xEB/Vickers (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/1x120
13
11
2090@10.17
200
4/0
18
8
No
1/19
F-class
142-7
15-5
330
400
2xEB/Vickers (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/1x120
13
11.5
2500@11
200
4/0
18
8
No
1/21
G-1
161-0
13-1
400
516
2xWhite-Middleton (GD)
2xDiehl/1x120
14.7
10.6
3500@~11
200
2/0
18
6
No
1/23
G-2
161-0
14-4
375
481
4xWhite-Middleton (GDT)
2xDiehl/1x120
14
10.5
3500@~11
200
3/1
18
8
No
1/23
G-3
161-0
14-4
393
468
2xSulzer 6U32 (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/1x120
14
9.5
~3500@11
200
4/2
18
10
No
2/23
G-4
157-5
17-4
370
352
4x Fiat (GDT)
2xDiehl/1x124
14.4
9.5
2200@8
200
2/2
18
8
No
2/18
Class
Length (Ft-In)
Beam (Ft-In)
Surf. Displ. (Tons)
Subm. Displ. (Tons)
Surf. Prop.
Subm. Prop./Battery
Surf. Speed (Kts)
Subm. Speed (Kts)
Surf. Range (NM@Kts)
Test Depth (Ft)
Tubes (B/S)
Tube Size (In)
Torp Load
Deck Gun
Crew (O/E)
H-class
150-3
15-9
358
434
2xNELSECO 240V8FS (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
14
10.5
2500@~11
200
4/0
18
8
No
2/23
K-class
153-6
16-8
392
520
2xNELSECO 240V8FS (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
14
10.5
3150@11
200
4/0
18
8
No
2/26
L-class EB
168-5
17-4
450
548
2xNELSECO (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
14
10.5
3150@11
200
4/0
18
8
3"/23 (1917)
2/26
L-class Lake
165-0
14-9
451
527
2xBusch-Sulzer 6M100 (DD)
2xDiehl/1x120
14
10.5
3150@11
200
4/0
18
8
No
2/26
M-1
197-0
19-0
488
676
2xNELSECO 70/6MS (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
14
10.5
2400@11
150
4/0
18
8
3"/23
2/26
N-class EB
147-3
15-9
347
414
2xNELSECO 240V8FS (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
13
11
3500@11
200
4/0
18
8
No
2/23
N-class Lake
155-0
14-6
331
385
2xBusch-Sulzer 6M50 (DD)
2xDiehl/1x120
13
11
~3500@11
200
4/0
18
8
No
3/26
O-class EB
172-4
18-0
520
629
2xNELSECO 6-EB-14 (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
14
10.5
~4200@11
200
4/0
18
8
3"/23
2/27
O-class Lake
175-0
16-7
485
566
2xBusch-Sulzer 6M85 (DD)
2xDiehl/1x120
14
11
~4200@11
200
4/0
18
8
3"/23
2/27
R-class EB
186-3
18-0
574
685
2xNELSECO 6-EB-14 (DD)
2xElectro Dynamic/2x60
12.5
9.3
4700@6.2
200
4/0
21
8
3"/50
3/26
R-class Lake
175-0
16-7
497
652
2xBusch-Sulzer 6M85 (DD)
2xDiehl/1x120
14
11.4
3523@11
200
4/0
18?
8
3"/50
3/23
Class
Length (Ft-In)
Beam (Ft-In)
Surf. Displ. (Tons)
Subm. Displ. (Tons)
Surf. Prop.
Subm. Prop./Battery
Surf. Speed (Kts)
Subm. Speed (Kts)
Surf. Range (NM@Kts)
Test Depth (Ft)
Tubes (B/S)
Tube Size (In)
Torp Load
Deck Gun
Crew (O/E)
S-1 & S-18 to S-41
219-3
20-8
930
1094
2xNELSECO 8-EB-15 (DD)
2xRidgeway/2x60
13
9
3420@6.5
200
4/0
21
12
4"/50
4/39
S-2
207-0
19-7
800
977
2xBusch-Sulzer 6M150 (DD)
2xDiehl/1x120
15
11
~3500@11
200
4/0
21
12
4"/50
4/34
S-3 & S-14 groups
231-0
21-10
876
1088
2xNELSECO 8-EB-16 (DD) or 2xBusch-Sulzer 6M150 (DD)
