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The men in the picture at left are Archie Nevis Lunger, (left) and Frank Charles Pierard, (right). They started their lives by being born on opposites sides of the country. That their lives would become intertwined and they would share the same fate is something neither could have imagined. | The men in the picture at left are Archie Nevis Lunger, (left) and Frank Charles Pierard, (right). They started their lives by being born on opposites sides of the country. That their lives would become intertwined and they would share the same fate is something neither could have imagined. | ||
Archie Lunger was born on November 13, 1886 in Waterford, Pennsylvania. His parents were Isaac and Ella F. Lunger. They lived at 418 Cherrie Street in Erie, Pennsylvania. He had five sisters; Minnie, Susie, Kate, Adda and Ida, and three brothers; James, Willie and Frank. Archie enlisted in the Navy on December 28, 1904, he would rise to be a Gunner's Mate 1st Class and be assigned to the submarine USS F-4 (Submarine No. 23). | Archie Lunger was born on November 13, 1886 in Waterford, Pennsylvania. His parents were Isaac and Ella F. Lunger. They lived at 418 Cherry (spelled "Cherrie" on some census documents) Street in Erie, Pennsylvania. He had five sisters; Minnie, Susie, Kate, Adda and Ida, and three brothers; James, Willie and Frank. Archie enlisted in the Navy on December 28, 1904, he would rise to be a Gunner's Mate 1st Class and be assigned to the submarine USS F-4 (Submarine No. 23). | ||
He was married on Feb 6, 1915 to 21 year old Mae Marjorie (Slater) Lunger and they resided in Honolulu. She was the younger sister of Frances Pierard, wife of his shipmate Frank Pierard. Mae had come to Honolulu at her sister's invitation for a visit and had met Archie and the couple fell in love and married. | He was married on Feb 6, 1915 to 21 year old Mae Marjorie (Slater) Lunger and they resided in Honolulu. She was the younger sister of Frances Pierard, wife of his shipmate Frank Pierard. Mae had come to Honolulu at her sister's invitation for a visit and had met Archie and the couple fell in love and married. At the time of the F-4's final voyage, Mae was pregnant. | ||
Frank Pierard was born on June 22, 1886 in San Francisco, California. He was married to Frances M. (Slater) Pierard and they were the parents of 18 month old twin children. He and Frances had been married five years previous in San Francisco. She had moved out to Honolulu with their infant twins when the F-4 was transferred there. The Pierards had resided at 612 Beretania Street, Honolulu. It is now the site of the Honolulu Board of Water Supply building. Frank enlisted in the Navy on June 28, 1901 and was to become a Chief Gunner's Mate. He too, would be assigned to the F-4. | Frank Pierard was born on June 22, 1886 in San Francisco, California. He was married to Frances M. (Slater) Pierard and they were the parents of 18 month old twin children. He and Frances had been married five years previous in San Francisco. She had moved out to Honolulu with their infant twins when the F-4 was transferred there. The Pierards had resided at 612 Beretania Street, Honolulu. It is now the site of the Honolulu Board of Water Supply building. Frank enlisted in the Navy on June 28, 1901 and was to become a Chief Gunner's Mate. He too, would be assigned to the F-4. | ||
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The F-4 sank with all hands on March 25, 1915 just off Honolulu Harbor on a training mission. Six of the crew were married men and one was engaged. All were well trained and experienced submariners. | The F-4 sank with all hands on March 25, 1915 just off Honolulu Harbor on a training mission. Six of the crew were married men and one was engaged. All were well trained and experienced submariners. | ||
The last person to see the F-4 was Ensign Harry Bogusch, the executive officer of the USS F-1 (Submarine No. 20). The F-1 was returning to the Navy piers in Honolulu Harbor after she had concluded her morning dives. Bogusch said he was standing on deck and waved his hat at the periscope as the outbound submerged F-4 passed the surfaced F-1 in the channel. The periscope, he said, seemed to be trained on him. Possibly the commanding officer, [[Ede|'''LT Alfred Ede''']], was at the scope. | The last person to see the F-4 was Ensign Harry Bogusch, the executive officer of the USS F-1 (Submarine No. 20). The F-1 was returning to the Navy piers in Honolulu Harbor after she had concluded her morning dives. Bogusch said he was standing on deck and waved his hat at the periscope as the outbound submerged F-4 passed the surfaced F-1 in the channel. The periscope, he said, seemed to be trained on him. Possibly the commanding officer, [[Ede|'''LT Alfred Ede''']], was at the scope. Bogusch commented on how well trimmed the F-4 looked. The F-4 had submerged in Honolulu Harbor just off the Quarantine Dock to a depth of 18 feet, periscope depth, then proceeded out the harbor channel. A common occurrence, it seems, for these early submarines to do. | ||
Lunger and Pierard were twenty eight years old at the time the F-4 sank. Both were Gunner's Mates and worked together in the torpedo room of the submarine F-4. Pierard was probably Lunger's Leading Chief Petty Officer, (boss). Gunner's Mates performed the function of the Torpedoman before that rate was created in 1921. Both were buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The seventeen unidentified bodies, including Lunger and Pierard, were buried in four caskets in a single grave. Together forever. | Lunger and Pierard were twenty eight years old at the time the F-4 sank. Both were Gunner's Mates and worked together in the torpedo room of the submarine F-4. Pierard was probably Lunger's Leading Chief Petty Officer, (boss). Gunner's Mates performed the function of the Torpedoman before that rate was created in 1921. Both were buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The seventeen unidentified bodies, including Lunger and Pierard, were buried in four caskets in a single grave. Together forever. | ||
It was determined | It was determined that part of the cause for the sinking of the F-4 was a corroded lead lining to the battery tank that had caused sulfuric acid to escape the battery and gather at the bottom of the battery well, which formed a portion of the pressure hull. The gathered acid slowly ate away at the steel underneath the battery well. Over time it weakened the hull enough that when the F-4 began the deep portion of the dive that day the increased pressure caused rivets to pop and a seam opened. This let water into the battery well (aka "slop tank") around the battery adding additional weight to the submarine. These leaks were not immediately noticed as they were initially minor and out of view. On a previous deep dive it was noted that other hull seams leaked and the torpedo tube doors leaked as well due to the high pressures. | ||
The F-4 | The F-4 had also been fitted with experimental propellers just prior to the the fateful voyage. These new propellers had a blade pitch optimized for the slow speeds that the boat normally operated at. At high speeds the propeller blades would create low pressure eddies and air pockets along the trailing edges that the next blade in line would pass through as the propeller spun. This cavitation greatly reduced the thrust of the propeller at high speeds and prevented the crew from powering out of the unintended depth excursion brought on by the flooding. It also reduced the ability of the submarine's stern diving planes to control the sub during the crew's recovery efforts. The deeper the boat sank the more rapid and noticeable the flooding became. The crew took action to surface the boat. Examination of the F-4 in dry dock revealed that the air valves to the forward, center, and after ballast tanks were all open as were the valves to blow all the adjusting tanks. Unfortunately the boat continued to sink and the crew could not stop it. When all had been done that was possible, fifteen members of the crew took refuge in the engine room. It isn't known if that was done spontaneously or under orders. The hull finally imploded on the port side near the torpedo room bulkhead, instantly flooding the boat forward of the engine room and killing the crew that remained there. Seconds later the engine room bulkhead failed due to excessive water pressure and the compartment flooded killing all there. | ||
Several men were found in the control room and were thought to have been the officers, Ede and Ensign Timothy Parker, who was riding as an observer, based on the presence of an officers cap close to the bodies. Others were found in the torpedo room. One body could not be located and was totally missing. Only four could be identified and of those only one was a positive identification. | Several men were found in the control room and were thought to have been the officers, Ede and Ensign Timothy Parker, who was riding as an observer, based on the presence of an officers cap close to the bodies. Others were found in the torpedo room. One body could not be located and was totally missing. Only four could be identified and of those only one was a positive identification. | ||
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The F-4 was ultimately floated out of the dry dock using the same pontoons used to salvage her. The submarine F-4 was never to see dry air again. She was towed, hanging from the pontoons, into Pearl Harbor and deposited on the bottom of Magazine Loch, site of the future U.S. Navy Submarine Base, near where the moorings known as Sierra 12 and 13 are now located. During the 1940 build out of the Sub Base the submarine F-4 was rolled into a trench dredged in the loch bottom and covered over. She remains there today. | The F-4 was ultimately floated out of the dry dock using the same pontoons used to salvage her. The submarine F-4 was never to see dry air again. She was towed, hanging from the pontoons, into Pearl Harbor and deposited on the bottom of Magazine Loch, site of the future U.S. Navy Submarine Base, near where the moorings known as Sierra 12 and 13 are now located. During the 1940 build out of the Sub Base the submarine F-4 was rolled into a trench dredged in the loch bottom and covered over. She remains there today. | ||
The widowed sisters Frances and Mae returned to San Francisco on the | The widowed sisters Frances and Mae returned to San Francisco on the Army transport ship [https://www.navsource.org/archives/30/13/13074.htm '''USAT Sheridan'''] and arrived on May 14, 1915 along with the widow of the commanding officer, Mrs. Margaret Ede and her two children Arthur and Margaret. As the transport left Honolulu Harbor the ship stopped at the spot where the F-4 had sunk and the widowed women cast flowers into the sea in memory of their lost husbands. A daughter was born to Mae on Sept 1, 1915 in Vallejo, California, at just about the time the coffins with the F-4's crew were being shipped to the mainland for burial, Archie included. | ||
Mrs. Frederick Gilman, another widow of the F-4, returned to her home in Vallejo, California after the loss of her husband. | Mrs. Frederick Gilman, another widow of the F-4, returned to her home in Vallejo, California after the loss of her husband. | ||
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President Wilson signed an executive order allowing the appointments of Mrs. Pierard and Mrs. Gilman to be seamstresses and flag makers at the Mare Island Navy Yard Sail Lofts without needing to take civil service examinations. This, after Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels had received a letter from Mrs. Pierard explaining their financial plight after the F-4 sinking. He made the recommendation to President Wilson to extend some assistance to the widows. | President Wilson signed an executive order allowing the appointments of Mrs. Pierard and Mrs. Gilman to be seamstresses and flag makers at the Mare Island Navy Yard Sail Lofts without needing to take civil service examinations. This, after Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels had received a letter from Mrs. Pierard explaining their financial plight after the F-4 sinking. He made the recommendation to President Wilson to extend some assistance to the widows. | ||
Mae Lunger is described in some accounts as being an "invalid", (how much and by what means is not detailed). She and her daughter were being supported by her sister Frances. | Mae Lunger is described in some accounts as being an "invalid", (how much and by what means is not detailed). She and her daughter were being supported by her sister Frances. | ||
It seems that best friends and shipmates Frank and Archie, ever the dutiful husbands, were looking after their wives, even from the next life. Amen brothers. | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:38, 11 November 2024
Joined Fates
Frank Charles Pierard
By Ric Hedman © 2014
The men in the picture at left are Archie Nevis Lunger, (left) and Frank Charles Pierard, (right). They started their lives by being born on opposites sides of the country. That their lives would become intertwined and they would share the same fate is something neither could have imagined.
Archie Lunger was born on November 13, 1886 in Waterford, Pennsylvania. His parents were Isaac and Ella F. Lunger. They lived at 418 Cherry (spelled "Cherrie" on some census documents) Street in Erie, Pennsylvania. He had five sisters; Minnie, Susie, Kate, Adda and Ida, and three brothers; James, Willie and Frank. Archie enlisted in the Navy on December 28, 1904, he would rise to be a Gunner's Mate 1st Class and be assigned to the submarine USS F-4 (Submarine No. 23).
He was married on Feb 6, 1915 to 21 year old Mae Marjorie (Slater) Lunger and they resided in Honolulu. She was the younger sister of Frances Pierard, wife of his shipmate Frank Pierard. Mae had come to Honolulu at her sister's invitation for a visit and had met Archie and the couple fell in love and married. At the time of the F-4's final voyage, Mae was pregnant.
Frank Pierard was born on June 22, 1886 in San Francisco, California. He was married to Frances M. (Slater) Pierard and they were the parents of 18 month old twin children. He and Frances had been married five years previous in San Francisco. She had moved out to Honolulu with their infant twins when the F-4 was transferred there. The Pierards had resided at 612 Beretania Street, Honolulu. It is now the site of the Honolulu Board of Water Supply building. Frank enlisted in the Navy on June 28, 1901 and was to become a Chief Gunner's Mate. He too, would be assigned to the F-4.
The F-4 sank with all hands on March 25, 1915 just off Honolulu Harbor on a training mission. Six of the crew were married men and one was engaged. All were well trained and experienced submariners.
The last person to see the F-4 was Ensign Harry Bogusch, the executive officer of the USS F-1 (Submarine No. 20). The F-1 was returning to the Navy piers in Honolulu Harbor after she had concluded her morning dives. Bogusch said he was standing on deck and waved his hat at the periscope as the outbound submerged F-4 passed the surfaced F-1 in the channel. The periscope, he said, seemed to be trained on him. Possibly the commanding officer, LT Alfred Ede, was at the scope. Bogusch commented on how well trimmed the F-4 looked. The F-4 had submerged in Honolulu Harbor just off the Quarantine Dock to a depth of 18 feet, periscope depth, then proceeded out the harbor channel. A common occurrence, it seems, for these early submarines to do.
Lunger and Pierard were twenty eight years old at the time the F-4 sank. Both were Gunner's Mates and worked together in the torpedo room of the submarine F-4. Pierard was probably Lunger's Leading Chief Petty Officer, (boss). Gunner's Mates performed the function of the Torpedoman before that rate was created in 1921. Both were buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The seventeen unidentified bodies, including Lunger and Pierard, were buried in four caskets in a single grave. Together forever.
It was determined that part of the cause for the sinking of the F-4 was a corroded lead lining to the battery tank that had caused sulfuric acid to escape the battery and gather at the bottom of the battery well, which formed a portion of the pressure hull. The gathered acid slowly ate away at the steel underneath the battery well. Over time it weakened the hull enough that when the F-4 began the deep portion of the dive that day the increased pressure caused rivets to pop and a seam opened. This let water into the battery well (aka "slop tank") around the battery adding additional weight to the submarine. These leaks were not immediately noticed as they were initially minor and out of view. On a previous deep dive it was noted that other hull seams leaked and the torpedo tube doors leaked as well due to the high pressures.
The F-4 had also been fitted with experimental propellers just prior to the the fateful voyage. These new propellers had a blade pitch optimized for the slow speeds that the boat normally operated at. At high speeds the propeller blades would create low pressure eddies and air pockets along the trailing edges that the next blade in line would pass through as the propeller spun. This cavitation greatly reduced the thrust of the propeller at high speeds and prevented the crew from powering out of the unintended depth excursion brought on by the flooding. It also reduced the ability of the submarine's stern diving planes to control the sub during the crew's recovery efforts. The deeper the boat sank the more rapid and noticeable the flooding became. The crew took action to surface the boat. Examination of the F-4 in dry dock revealed that the air valves to the forward, center, and after ballast tanks were all open as were the valves to blow all the adjusting tanks. Unfortunately the boat continued to sink and the crew could not stop it. When all had been done that was possible, fifteen members of the crew took refuge in the engine room. It isn't known if that was done spontaneously or under orders. The hull finally imploded on the port side near the torpedo room bulkhead, instantly flooding the boat forward of the engine room and killing the crew that remained there. Seconds later the engine room bulkhead failed due to excessive water pressure and the compartment flooded killing all there.
Several men were found in the control room and were thought to have been the officers, Ede and Ensign Timothy Parker, who was riding as an observer, based on the presence of an officers cap close to the bodies. Others were found in the torpedo room. One body could not be located and was totally missing. Only four could be identified and of those only one was a positive identification.
All the crew's remains had become disarticulated in the months taken to recover the submarine and their condition suffered from the efforts. They had become jumbled together as the submarine had been bounced on the ocean's bottom as salvage cables and chain broke sending the submarine to the sea floor. As it turned out no bodies were complete as remains were lost through openings in the hull. By the time the F-4 reached dry dock she was almost completely upside down.
The F-4 was ultimately floated out of the dry dock using the same pontoons used to salvage her. The submarine F-4 was never to see dry air again. She was towed, hanging from the pontoons, into Pearl Harbor and deposited on the bottom of Magazine Loch, site of the future U.S. Navy Submarine Base, near where the moorings known as Sierra 12 and 13 are now located. During the 1940 build out of the Sub Base the submarine F-4 was rolled into a trench dredged in the loch bottom and covered over. She remains there today.
The widowed sisters Frances and Mae returned to San Francisco on the Army transport ship USAT Sheridan and arrived on May 14, 1915 along with the widow of the commanding officer, Mrs. Margaret Ede and her two children Arthur and Margaret. As the transport left Honolulu Harbor the ship stopped at the spot where the F-4 had sunk and the widowed women cast flowers into the sea in memory of their lost husbands. A daughter was born to Mae on Sept 1, 1915 in Vallejo, California, at just about the time the coffins with the F-4's crew were being shipped to the mainland for burial, Archie included.
Mrs. Frederick Gilman, another widow of the F-4, returned to her home in Vallejo, California after the loss of her husband.
President Wilson signed an executive order allowing the appointments of Mrs. Pierard and Mrs. Gilman to be seamstresses and flag makers at the Mare Island Navy Yard Sail Lofts without needing to take civil service examinations. This, after Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels had received a letter from Mrs. Pierard explaining their financial plight after the F-4 sinking. He made the recommendation to President Wilson to extend some assistance to the widows.
Mae Lunger is described in some accounts as being an "invalid", (how much and by what means is not detailed). She and her daughter were being supported by her sister Frances.
It seems that best friends and shipmates Frank and Archie, ever the dutiful husbands, were looking after their wives, even from the next life. Amen brothers.
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